• Natalia Alves Cortelette, Nayana De Oliveira Souza, Lilian Cataldi-Rodrigues, Connie Arthur, Sean R Stowell, Marcelo Dias-Baruffi, Daniela Amorim Melgaço Guimarães, AyresLorena RochaLRDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil., and Trés PancotoJoão AlexandreJA0000-0003-1986-1452Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil..
• Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 14; 101 (2): e28489e28489.

ObjectivesInvestigate polymorphisms and expressions of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), galectin-1 (Gal-1), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) with and without comorbidities to help understanding the mechanisms involved in triggering these disorders in PLHIV and in their prognosis.DesignHere we evaluated the potential correlation between the genetic polymorphism and/or protein levels of HLA-G, Gal-1, and IL-10 with and without comorbidities of PLHIV.MethodsTwo hundred HIV patients under antiretroviral treatment (83 with comorbidities and 117 without comorbidities) and 200 healthy individuals (controls) were genotyped, using PCR, for HLA-G 14-base pair polymorphism located at the 3' untranslated region in exon 8 insertion/insertion (Ins/Ins: low HLA-G expression) or deletion/deletion (Del/Del: high HLA-G expression). Soluble levels of HLA-G (sHLA-G), Gal-1, and IL-10 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbet assay.ResultsHIV patients without comorbidities exhibited higher frequency of 14-base pair Del/Del genotype than HIV patients with comorbidities. As expected, HIV patients Ins/Ins with and without comorbidities produced less sHLA-G than controls. However, HIV patients Del/Del with comorbidities expressed sHLA-G more than controls and HIV patients Del/Del without comorbidities. Interestingly, patients that showed low levels sHLA-G, and presence of comorbidities, exhibited high Gal-1 serum levels. However, an increase in soluble levels of IL-10 in PLHIV was observed when compared to controls, especially in the PLHIV group without comorbidities suggesting, a protective role of IL-10 in the development of comorbidities.ConclusionsThese data suggested that the high expression of sHLA-G and IL-10 or Gal-1 could be associated and could be associated with the development or not of comorbidities in PLHIV.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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