• Ligong Yuan, Shuaibo Wang, Jiacong Wei, Kun Yang, and Yousheng Mao.
• Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 7; 101 (1): e28242e28242.

RationaleMesenchymal cystic pulmonary hamartoma is a rare type of hamartoma that has been reported in all cases in the literature. Most patients were reported to have spontaneous pneumothorax and were treated by surgery, and finally confirmed to be caused by rupture of the cystic hamartoma. Here, we report a case of mesenchymal cystic pulmonary hamartoma detected using computed tomography (CT) during a health check-up without obvious symptoms.Patient ConcernsA 60-year-old woman was detected using CT during her health check-up. She was a non-smoker and had no symptoms or history of specific diseases.DiagnosisThe final pathological examination confirmed that the lesion was a mesenchymal cystic hamartoma of the lung.InterventionsA uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery wedge resection was performed for biopsy.OutcomesThe patient recovered smoothly and was discharged on postoperative day 3.LessonsFor cystic pulmonary hamartoma, it is usually difficult to make a correct diagnosis using CT imaging. A chest magnetic resonance imaging examination may be helpful for differentiation diagnosis before video-assisted thoracic surgery biopsy.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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