• Liqiong Zhan, Lan Lv, Xinyuan Chen, Xiang Xu, and Jun Ni.
• Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 7; 101 (1): e28484.

RationaleMutations in Bcl-2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG-3) can cause a rare subtype of myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs), characterized by progressive muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, and severe respiratory insufficiency in childhood. Little is known about diaphragmatic function in BAG-3 MFM. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of detailed evaluation of diaphragmatic function with ultrasound in BAG-3 MFM.Patient ConcernWe describe the case of a 15-year-old girl who complained of fever and shortness of breath. Diaphragmatic sonography revealed bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. Shortness of breath progressed to respiratory failure approximately 3 months later.DiagnosisA neurologist was consulted and genetic sequencing identified a p.Pro209Leu mutation in BAG-3, yielding diagnosis of BAG-3 MFM leading to bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis.InterventionsRespiratory muscle training and long-term mechanical ventilation.OutcomesIt is quite unfortunate for this patient to have a poor prognosis due to the lack of effective treatment for this genetic disorder.LessonsThis case provides more clinical information for this rare disease which may cause severe diaphragm pathological damage leading to respiratory failure in BAG3 MFM and a future study with a systematic evaluation of a greater number of patients will be necessary to characterize this population.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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