• Adam C Adler, Asad Siddiqui, Arvind Chandrakantan, and Clyde T Matava.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
• Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 Feb 1; 32 (2): 202-208.

AbstractPerioperative lung ultrasound is a continuously evolving modality with numerous applications for the pediatric anesthesiologist. Lung ultrasound can be used at the bedside, including intraoperatively, to augment traditional physical examination methods of assessing cardiopulmonary structures and identifying the presence of specific and clinically significant pathology. With regard to the lungs, ultrasound has been shown to be highly sensitive at identification of pulmonary pathologies, particularly those of interest in the acute care setting (eg, pleural effusion, pneumothorax). With its relative ease of performance, lung ultrasound should be considered in the initial evaluation of intraoperative hypoxemia particularly when traditional modes of evaluation are nonexplanatory. This educational review introduces the basic concepts of lung ultrasound as they relate to pediatric anesthesia patients.© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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