• Xiao Yan Bi, Xie Ma, and Yun Tao.
• Faculty of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China; Institution of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.
• Neuroscience. 2022 Apr 1; 487: 1-7.

AbstractThis study uses simple tasks to induce self-conscious emotions and event-related potentials to investigate the effects of pride, neutral, and shame emotions on cognitive flexibility. The behavior results revealed that the switching tasks had a longer reaction time and a lower accuracy rate than the repetitive tasks. Furthermore, the reaction time was longer, and the accuracy rate was lower for individuals in the shame and pride emotions group than the neutral group. ERP results revealed that the switching task induced a larger P3 wave amplitude than the repetitive task. In addition, the P3 difference wave for pride and shame emotions was significantly smaller than that of neutral emotions. However, there were no significant differences in N2 wave. These findings imply that pride and shame may inhibit conversion ability and consistently affect cognitive flexibility. This consistency may be manifested in late decision-making tasks. Our finds provide a theoretical basis for management of students' pride and shame.Copyright © 2022 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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