• Hsin-I Liang, Yung-Wen Cheng, Huan-Shuo Chang, Kuo-Min Su, and Wei-Liang Chen.
• Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
• Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. 2022 Apr 28; 132 (4).

IntroductionOvarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and its early detection is important for prognosis. Human epididymal secretory protein 4 (HE4) elevation has been studied as a crucial biomarker for this type of cancer. There are currently many organic pollutants in the environ-ment, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).ObjectivesThe purpose of our study was to determine relationships between PAH exposure, HE4 levels, and the risk for ovarian cancer.Patients And MethodsWe included a total of 799 participants over the age of 20 years from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey datasets (2001-2002) with complete data on urinary PAH metabolites and HE4 levels for multivariable analysis. A multivariable linear regression model was used to investigate the associations between PAH metabolites and HE4 in ovarian cancer.ResultsMultivariable linear regression analysis showed that except for 2‑hydroxyphenanthrene, PAH metabolites correlated positively with ln(HE4) after adjustment for relevant covariates (all P <0.05). Higher quartiles of urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites tended to be associated with higher HE4 levels, with statistical significance in per‑quartile analysis. A dose‑dependent relationship between PAH metabolites and HE4 was found (all P trends <0.05).ConclusionsExposure to PAHs was found to be associated with elevated HE4 levels and a higher risk for ovarian cancer, which was confirmed by epidemiological evidence. This finding should alert gynecologists and public health experts to pay more attention to the potential role of PAH metabolites in the tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer.

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