• Justin Hii, T Wesley Templeton, David Sommerfield, Aine Sommerfield, Clyde T Matava, and Britta S von Ungern-Sternberg.
• Perioperative Medicine Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
• Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 Feb 1; 32 (2): 209-216.

AbstractPediatric surgery cases are increasing worldwide. Within pediatric anesthesia, perioperative respiratory adverse events are the most common precipitant leading to serious complications. They can have intraoperative impact on the surgical procedure itself, lead to premature case termination and in addition may have postoperative impact resulting in longer hospitalization stays and costs. Although most perioperative respiratory adverse events can be promptly detected and managed, and will not lead to any sequelae, the risk of life-threatening progression remains. The incidence of respiratory adverse events increases in children with comorbid respiratory and/or nonrespiratory illnesses. Optimized perioperative patient care, risk-stratified care level choice, and practitioners with appropriate training allow for risk mitigation. This review will discuss patient and surgical risk factors with a focus on common patient comorbid illnesses and review scoring systems to quantify risk.© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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