• Nan Young Bae, Ja Min Byun, Chang Kyung Kang, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Nam Joong Kim, Min-Sung Kim, Kyu Joo Park, and Sung-Soo Yoon.
• Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jan 28; 101 (4): e28700e28700.

RationaleThroughout the clinical course of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aspergillosis infection remains a significant determinant of treatment outcomes and survival. To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate application of integrated therapeutic approaches, we present a case of AML patient who survived through angioinvasive aspergillosis infection causing diaphragmatic rupture with bowel perforation and cerebral aspergillosis during active AML treatment.Patient ConcernsA 39-year old male with FLT3-mutated AML was transferred to our hospital due to persistent fever after induction therapy.Diagnosis And InterventionsDuring voriconazole treatment for his invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, the patient was diagnosed with colon perforation at splenic flexure and suspected perforation of left diaphragm with communication with left pleural space. Although pancytopenic, emergency laparotomy was performed with granulocyte transfusion. Also, dual antifungal therapy with voriconazole and micafungin was applied. With supportive care, he was able to successfully complete 3 cycles of consolidation using tyrosine kinase inhibitor. However, 80 days after the last chemotherapy, the patient experienced seizure caused by a single 1.5 cm sized enhancing mass in the right occipital lobe. Diagnostic and therapeutic mass removal was carried out, and pathology-confirmed cerebral aspergillosis was diagnosed.OutcomesThe patient's neurologic symptoms are resolved and he is leukemia free, but remains on voriconazole for his cerebral aspergillosis till this day.ConclusionsOur case highlights the importance of timely integrated intervention and adequate underlying disease control in treatment of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Such rigorous efforts can save even the most seemingly dismal case.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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