• Saif Munther Borgan, Leila Zeinab Khan, and Vinni Makin.
• Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
• Cleve Clin J Med. 2022 Feb 1; 89 (2): 99-105.

AbstractVitamin A, like many things in life, should be consumed in appropriate amounts. Excessive intake of preformed vitamin A, such as that found in supplements and animal sources (animal liver, fish liver oil, dairy, and eggs), is associated with multisystem effects that can include bone resorption and hypercalcemia. Hence, vitamin A toxicity should be explored in unexplained cases of parathyroid hormone-independent hypercalcemia. Serum retinol levels can be helpful in the diagnosis, but the results must be interpreted with caution since they do not always reflect total body levels. Treatment involves supportive care and withdrawal of vitamin A sources, especially preformed ones. Given the long half-life of retinol, normalization of serum levels can take several months.Copyright © 2022 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All Rights Reserved.

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