• Lloyd Steele, Amelia Lloyd, James Fotheringham, Ayyaz Sultan, Javaid Iqbal, and Ever D Grech.
• University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
• Postgrad Med J. 2015 Sep 1; 91 (1079): 492-6.

BackgroundCigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease. However, the relationship between smoking and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is less well described.ObjectiveTo determine the relative risk of acute STEMI in smokers and ex-smokers, compared with individuals who had never smoked.MethodsThis observational study studied all patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in South Yorkshire, UK from 1 January 2009 to 6 April 2012. Additional contemporary demographical data for the South Yorkshire population, supplied by the Office for National Statistics, allowed derivation of the incidence rate of STEMI in South Yorkshire-both overall and stratified by smoking status. Incidence rate ratios and population attributable risk (PAR) were calculated to quantify STEMI risk.ResultsThere were 1715 STEMIs in 1680 patients during the study period. Smoking status was obtained in 96.2% patients. The prevalence of smoking was 47.3% in patients with STEMI and 22.0% in the general population. In patients with STEMI, smokers were ∼10 years younger, mean (SD) 57.2 (11.1) years, than never-smokers, 66.4 (12.1) years, and ex-smokers, 67.9 (11.9) years. The age-standardised incident rate ratio of STEMI was 5.2 (4.5-6.1) for current smokers and 1.1 (1.0-1.3) for ex-smokers, with the reference group being never-smokers for both. Almost 50% of STEMIs were attributable to smoking (PAR=48.3%).ConclusionCigarette smoking is associated with a fivefold increased risk of STEMI. Smoking cessation reduced this risk to a level similar to never-smokers.Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

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