• Stephanya Covas da Silva, Pâmella da Silva Beggiora, Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão, Maurício Dutra, Matias JúniorIvairILaboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Claretiano Centro Universitário, Dom Bôsco Street, 466, Batatais, SP 14300, SantosMarcelo VolponMVDepartment of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil., Hélio Rubens Machado, and da Silva LopesLuizaLDepartment of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil..
• Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: tetecovas@usp.br.
• Neuroscience. 2022 Apr 15; 488: 77-95.

AbstractHydrocephalus is characterized by the accumulation of CSF within the cerebral ventricles and the subarachnoid space. Ventricular volume can progressively increase and generate serious damage to the nervous system, with cerebral hypoxia/ischemia as one of the most important factors involved. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) improves oxygen supply to tissues, which can reduce the progression of lesions secondary to ventricular enlargement. We evaluated whether HBOT associated with CSF diversion can promote neuroprotective effects to structures damaged by ventriculomegaly and understand its role. Seven-day-old male Wistar Hannover rats submitted to hydrocephalus by intracisternal injection of 15% kaolin were used. The animals were divided into six groups, with ten animals in each: control, control associated with hyperbaric therapy, hydrocephalic without treatment, hydrocephalic treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, hydrocephalic treated with CSF deviation, and hydrocephalic treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy associated with CSF deviation. To assess the response to treatment, behavioral tests were performed such as modified Morris water maze and object recognition, evaluation by transcranial ultrasonography, histology by Hematoxylin-Eosin and Luxol Fast Blue, immunohistochemistry for GFAP, Ki-67, Caspase-3, COX-2, NeuN and SOD1, and biochemical ELISA assay for GFAP and MBP. The results show that the association of treatments exerts neuroprotective effects such as neurobehavioral improvement, preservation of periventricular structures, antioxidant effect, and reduction of damage resulting from ischemia and the neuroinflammatory process. We conclude that HBOT has the potential to be used as an adjuvant treatment to CSF deviation surgery in experimental hydrocephalus.Copyright © 2022 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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