• Ir J Med Sci · Feb 2023

    Observational Study

    A combined role for low vitamin D and low albumin circulating levels as strong predictors of worse outcome in COVID-19 patients.

    • Gianfranco Sanson, Amedeo De Nicolò, Verena Zerbato, Ludovica Segat, Raffaella Koncan, Stefano Di Bella, Jessica Cusato, Alessandra di Masi, Andrea Palermo, Pietro Caironi, Pierlanfranco D'Agaro, Roberto Luzzati, and Antonio D'Avolio.
    • Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
    • Ir J Med Sci. 2023 Feb 1; 192 (1): 423430423-430.

    PurposeWe aimed to assess the combined role of vitamin D and albumin serum levels as predictors of COVID-19 disease progression.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study on adult patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (March-September 2020). Vitamin D and albumin serum levels were measured on admission. These variables were categorized in albumin < 3.5 or ≥ 3.5 g/dL and vitamin D < 30 ng/mL or ≥ 30 ng/mL. We excluded patients with known bone diseases, renal failure, hypercalcemia and/or treated with antiepileptic drugs and steroids, and patients who received previous vitamin D supplementation. A composite outcome including any ventilatory support, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and 60-day mortality was defined.ResultsSixty-nine patients were enrolled, of whom 50% received non-invasive (NIV) or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 10% died, whereas 89% and 66% presented low albumin and low vitamin D serum levels, respectively. No correlation between vitamin D and albumin levels was found. In multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex and age-corrected comorbidities, patients having albumin < 3.5 g/dL and vitamin D < 30 ng/mL showed a significant increased risk for all study outcomes, namely NIV/IMV (OR 3.815; 95% CI 1.122-12.966; p = 0.032), NIV/IMV or death (OR 3.173; 95% CI 1.002-10.043; p = 0.049) and PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 100 (OR 3.410; 95% CI 1.138-10.219; p = 0.029).ConclusionThe measurement of both vitamin D and serum albumin levels on COVID-19 patients' admission, and their combined evaluation, provides a simple prognostic tool that could be employed to guide prompt clinical decisions.© 2022. The Author(s).

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