• Tomasz M Rywik, Agnieszka Doryńska, Anna Wiśniewska, Urszula Cegłowska, Anna Drohomirecka, Roman Topór-Mądry, Hubert Łazarczyk, Paula Połaska, Przemysław Leszek, and Tomasz Zieliński.
• Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland. trywik@ikard.pl
• Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. 2022 May 30; 132 (5).

IntroductionThere is still little information regarding a detailed description and predictors of different subtypes of heart failure (HF) in the Polish population.ObjectivesThis study sought to characterize the differences between hospitalized patients with HF divided into HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF; EF ≥50%), mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF; EF 40%-49%), and reduced EF (HFrEF; EF <40%), and to identify factors related to each HF subtype.Patients And MethodsPatients from the hospital database whose hospitalization was coded as HF‑related between 2014 and 2019 were included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 2601 patients were included, of whom 62% had HFrEF, 13% had HFmrEF, and 25% had HFpEF. The patients with HFpEF, as compared with those with HFrEF and HFmrEF, were older (70.5 vs 61.6 vs 66.5 years, P <0.001), less often male (44% vs 68.3% vs 81.3%, P <0.001), and less likely to have an ischemic etiology of HF (19.3% vs 49.8% vs 34.4%, P <0.001) but they were more likely to have hypertension (87.3% vs 78.2% vs 78.2%, P <0.001), atrial fibrillation (64.5% vs 55.6% vs 59.5%, P <0.001), cancer (32.2% vs 19.6% vs 28.7%; P <0.001), and anemia (25.5% vs 15.9% vs 20.5%, P <0.001). Of 3 multivariable models, the one predicting HFpEF was the strongest (P <0.001, area under the curve, 0.79), and included age, sex, aortic stenosis, hypertension, anemia, cancer, thyroid abnormality, atrial fibrillation, longer history of HF, ischemic etiology, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and liver failure.ConclusionsHFrEF and HFpEF differed significantly in terms of baseline characteristics, while HFmrEF was in the middle of the HF spectrum, tending to be a mixture of HFpEF and HFrEF characteristics.

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