• Kashelle Lockman, Maria F Lowry, Sandra DiScala, Amanda G Lovell, Tanya J Uritsky, Benjamin S Kematick, Michelle Schmidt, Andrea M Wetshtein, Bridget Scullion, Christopher M Herndon, and Rabia S Atayee.
• University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (K.L.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy (M.F.L.), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; West Palm Beach (WPB) Veterans Affairs Medical Center (S.D.), West Palm Beach, Florida, USA; Optum Hospice Pharmacy Services (A.G.L.), Westerville, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacy (T.J.U.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.K.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; University of Iowa College of Pharmacy (M.S.), Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital (A.M.W.), Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (B.S.), Boston, Massachusetts, USA; School of Pharmacy (C.M.H.), Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA; San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA; San Diego Health, Palliative Care Program (R.S.A.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA. Electronic address: kashelle-lockman@uiowa.edu.
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2022 Jul 1; 64 (1): 37-48.

ContextEntrustable professional activities (EPAs) translate competencies into explicit, practical terms that clearly state the expected roles and responsibilities of clinicians who have achieved proficiency and expertise in a field. EPAs are defined for Hospice and Palliative Medicine physicians but not for other members of Hospice and Palliative Care (HAPC) interprofessional teams, including pharmacists.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to develop EPAs for HAPC pharmacists.MethodsAn 11-member workgroup of HAPC pharmacists was convened to develop candidate EPAs using nominal group and modified-Delphi methods. Content validity index was used as a measure of consensus, defined a priori at ≥ 60%. Vetting occurred via intra- and interprofessional stakeholder reactor groups and a national survey of HAPC pharmacists.ResultsFollowing an iterative process of workgroup and stakeholder consensus-building, 15 HAPC pharmacist EPAs were developed. Among the workgroup, all 15 EPAs reached ≥ 70% consensus, indicating appropriate internal validity. In a national survey of 185 HAPC pharmacists with a 20% response rate, 13 EPAs were rated by most respondents as "essential" and 2 were rated by most respondents as "important but not essential." Respondents indicated the 15 EPA set represented the core professional activities of HAPC pharmacists well (median rating of 5 on a Likert-like scale, IQR 1).ConclusionFifteen consensus EPAs describe essential activities of HAPC pharmacists in direct patient care, leadership, education, and scholarship. These EPAs will further guide pharmacist training programs, HAPC services seeking to incorporate a specialized pharmacist on the team, and currently practicing HAPC pharmacists.Copyright © 2022 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. All rights reserved.

10 keywords...

hide…