• Mei Ling Lim, Philipp Jungebluth, Fatemeh Ajalloueian, Linda Helen Friedrich, Irina Gilevich, Karl-Henrik Grinnemo, Elena Gubareva, Johannes C Haag, Greg Lemon, Sebastian Sjöqvist, Arthur L Caplan, and Paolo Macchiarini.
• Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
• Mayo Clin. Proc. 2013 Oct 1; 88 (10): 1151-66.

AbstractDevelopment of novel prognostic, diagnostic, and treatment options will provide major benefits for millions of patients with acute or chronic respiratory dysfunction, cardiac-related disorders, esophageal problems, or other diseases in the thorax. Allogeneic organ transplant is currently available. However, it remains a trap because of its dependency on a very limited supply of donated organs, which may be needed for both initial and subsequent transplants. Furthermore, it requires lifelong treatment with immunosuppressants, which are associated with adverse effects. Despite early clinical applications of bioengineered organs and tissues, routine implementation is still far off. For this review, we searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid databases for the following keywords for each tissue or organ: tissue engineering, biological and synthetic scaffold/graft, acellular and decelluar(ized), reseeding, bioreactor, tissue replacement, and transplantation. We identified the current state-of-the-art practices in tissue engineering with a focus on advances during the past 5 years. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of biological and synthetic solutions and introduce novel strategies and technologies for the field. The ethical challenges of innovation in this area are also reviewed. Copyright © 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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