• A O Betiku, O O Oduyoye, O O Jagun, O S Olajide, S O Adebusoye, and U O Aham-Onyebuchi.
• Department of Surgery, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
• Niger J Clin Pract. 2022 Mar 1; 25 (3): 354-360.

BackgroundDry eye disease (DED) occurs as a result of an abnormality in tear production, tear consistency, and tear evaporation.AimThe aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye disease in a population-based setting in Southwest Nigeria.Patient And MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at a medical outreach at Iperu Remo in Nigeria. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 415 participants. Symptoms of dry eye were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. Tear film break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining, Schirmer test with anesthesia, and meibomian gland were evaluated. The diagnosis of DED was confirmed when the OSDI score is ≥13 and TBUT is less than 10 seconds. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression analyses at a 0.05 level of significance.ResultsThe overall prevalence of DED was 28.2%. Adults aged between 31 and 40 years were 23 times more likely to be diagnosed with dry eyes (aOR = 23.13; 95% CI: 1.32 - 405.99; P = 0.032) compared to those between 16 and 20 years. Female adults were about four times more likely to be diagnosed with dry eyes (aOR = 3.59; 95% CI: 1.44 - 8.94; P = 0.006). The use of drugs was also significantly associated with dry eyes.ConclusionThis study shows a fairly high prevalence of DED among adults in a semi-urban area in Southwest Nigeria. Ophthalmologists and other eye care workers need to be cautious about the DED and offer appropriate treatment options to patients.

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