• Kintoko Kintoko, Xiaohui Xu, Xing Lin, Yang Jiao, Qingwei Wen, Zhaoni Chen, Jinbin Wei, Tao Liang, and Renbin Huang.
• Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.
• Arch Med Sci. 2018 Aug 1; 14 (5): 116311721163-1172.

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycaemia causing changes in plasma lipoproteins, which leads to insulin resistance, secretion defects or both. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of 2-dodecyl-6-methoxy-cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (DMDD) isolated from Averrhoa carambola L. roots to lower hyperglycaemia and to investigate its potential mechanism in diabetic mice.Material And MethodsDMDD was isolated using a column chromatographic technique. Experimental mice were fed with a high-fat diet for a month and were intravenously injected with streptozotocin (80 mg/kg, single dose). Diabetic mice were orally administered DMDD (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg) and 50 mg/kg pioglitazone for 15 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FINS), pancreatic insulin content, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) were determined. Adipose tissue was assessed by histological examination, immunohistochemistry, western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods.ResultsDMDD significantly increased the insulin level (all p < 0.05). In contrast, FBG, IL-6, TNF-α, TC, TG and FFA were significantly decreased (all p < 0.05). However, DMDD induced the activation of adipocyte peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), confirmed by increased protein and mRNA expression of PPAR-γ.ConclusionsDMDD possessed hypoglycaemic activity due to its potential mechanism involving PPARγ-mediated adipocyte endocrine regulation.

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