• Xiang Ma, Yunchuan Yang, Zhaoying Wang, Wanliang Sun, Dengyong Zhang, Binquan Wu, Hua Wu, Zheng Lu, and Peiyuan Cui.
• Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Dec 1; 97 (50): e13642.

RationaleAdult recurrent neuroblastoma is extremely rare, especially in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneal cavity. The surgical treatment of this special part of the tumor is also a clinical difficulty.Patient ConcernsThis study reports a case of a 24-year-old man with a history of treated posterior mediastinal neuroblastoma. Enhanced computed tomography found a heterogeneously enhancing mass occupying the retroperitoneal and posterior mediastinum, and the initial impression was recurrent neuroblastoma.DiagnosesThe patient was diagnosed with recurrent neuroblastoma based on his medical history and histopathological results.InterventionsThe young adult underwent radical resection of recurrent neuroblastoma in posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum through thoracoabdominal incision.OutcomesThe young patient recovered to normal within 10 days after surgery and had no relapse for following-up 12 months.LessonsDespite the difficulty of surgery, it is feasible to remove the tumor in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneal cavity safely.

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