• Zhirong Zhu, Jiajun Yan, and Guiliang Tang.
• Department of Urology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Dec 1; 97 (51): e13716.

RationaleAggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) of the prostate should be considered as a differential diagnosis for prostatic tumor presenting with classical symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy.Patient ConcernsA 55-year-old man experienced persisting symptoms of prostatic enlargement associated with urinary frequency and urgency and nocturia. Computed tomography images showed low density in the enlarged prostate.DiagnosesThe diagnosis of AAM of the prostate was confirmed based on histopathological findings.InterventionsThe patient underwent transurethral resection of the prostate.OutcomesThe patient was enrolled into a watchful waiting protocol. His condition was fine without signs of recurrence on magnetic resonance imaging at the 8-month follow-up.LessonsAAM of the prostate should be considered a possible cause of urinary difficulty, including retention, although this may be extremely rare. A reliable diagnosis and complete tumor removal enabled optimal treatment and prevention of tumor recurrence.

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