• Yang Yu, Xinyue Zhang, Qingyang Shi, Meiyan Wang, Jili Jing, and Yanhong Liu.
• Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Jun 1; 98 (26): e16203.

RationaleEssential thrombocytosis (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of the megakaryocytic lineage within the bone marrow and phenotypically by an elevated platelet count in peripheral blood. Common vascular complications include thrombosis, microvascular disturbances, and hemorrhage. ET with recurrent spontaneous abortion as the primary symptom is rare.Patient ConcernsA 30-year-old pregnant woman (gestational age: 8 weeks) with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion in the mid trimester was admitted to our hospital for further management.DiagnosisThe diagnosis of ET was made based on the platelet count, bone marrow biopsy, and molecular biology testing.InterventionsThe patient was treated with interferon, heparin, and aspirin.OutcomesThe infant was delivered by cesarean section without complication at 28 weeks gestation due to placental abruption. The child remained healthy with no developmental abnormalities during follow-up for 2 years.LessonsRecurrent spontaneous abortion in the mid trimester might be associated with ET. Thus, a detailed investigation including blood routine examination to identify an abnormal platelet count is warranted for pregnant patients with such a history in order to facilitate timely treatment.

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