• Cao Zhang, Jiangqin He, Qinye Shi, Fangping Bao, and Jianhong Xu.
• Anaesthesia Department, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shangcheng Road, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, 322000, People's Republic of China.
• BMC Anesthesiol. 2022 May 9; 22 (1): 138.

BackgroundEsketamine is an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) that is widely used for multimodal analgesia. In addition to analgesia, sedation is another important effect of esketamine. However, data are limited regarding the sedation effect of esketamine during general anaesthesia. The objective of this study was to determine whether sedation with a subanaesthetic does of esketamine affects anaesthesia recovery.MethodsFifty patients, ASA I to II patient scheduled to laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were randomly assigned to receive a single bolus of esketamine 0.2 mg kg-1 (esketamine group) or placebo (control group). Propofol, sufentanil and rocuronium were used during total intravenous anaesthesia. The patients' time of recovery from anaesthesia, postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative agitation were analysed.ResultsData from 47 patients were analysed. The average time of anaesthetic recovery was 22.04 ± 1.48 min in the esketamine group(n = 23) and 17.54 ± 1.46 min in the control group(n = 24). The recovery time was significantly longer in the esketamine group. Postoperative pain in the PACU was lower in the esketamine group (NRS score range 0-2) than in the control group (NRS score range 0-3). There were no differences in postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative agitation.ConclusionSubanaesthetic doses of esketamine can reduce postoperative pain in the PACU but delay the aesthetic recovery during the laparoscopic cholecystectomy, without affecting postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative agitation.Trial RegistrationThe study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry http://www.chictr.org.cn/ (Registration date: 20/11/2020; TrialID: ChiCTR2000040077 ).© 2022. The Author(s).

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