• Katja Storch, Jurek Schultz, and Guido Fitze.
• Department of Neuropediatrics, Carl Gustav Carus Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 May 13; 101 (19): e29258e29258.

BackgroundSupracondylar humerus fractures (SHF) are the second most common fracture in children and the most common fracture in children under seven years. Subtle neurovascular lesions in displaced SHF may be underdiagnosed clinically, but their sequelae can mean life-long symptoms. Here we show that color-coded duplex ultrasound (DUS) could help to identify these patients.MethodsWe reviewed records of 229 children who had recovered from SHF. Ninety patients were available for detailed questionnaires, in-depth neurovascular examinations, and DUS.ResultsIn 90 examined patients, only two had been known to have suffered from vascular complications before our study. Only one still complained spontaneously about perfusion-induced symptoms. Qualitative changes in blood flow in duplex-sonography were detectable in both. Another two patients showed similar changes in blood flow at the fracture site. Both reported load-induced pain and paresthesia on detailed inquisition when no vascular impairments had been known before. Thus, duplex-sonography identified two patients with vascular affections that had not been noticed before in routine clinical examinations.ConclusionDUS can be a sensitive tool in diagnosing vascular impairments in patients with SHF. It could reduce diagnostic insecurity, especially in anesthetized or otherwise hard to examine children, and thus help avoid the therapeutic delay that otherwise might foster life-long sequelae for the patients. More studies are needed to establish age-adjusted reference values for duplex-sonography of children's arms. Level of Evidence: Level III, Study of nonconsecutive patients (without consistently applied reference).Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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