• Amir Motamedi, Mohammadreza Askari, Hadis Mozaffari, Reza Homayounfrar, Ali Nikparast, Maryam Lafzi Ghazi, Maryam Mofidi Nejad, and Shahab Alizadeh.
• Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2022 Jan 1; 2022: 99531159953115.

Background And AimsEpidemiologic studies show a strong association between chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diet may also affect the risk of T2D by modulating inflammation. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the relation of dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of T2D.MethodsPubMed and Scopus were systematically searched from their inception to September 2020 to identify relevant studies. Relative risks, hazard ratios, or odds ratios (OR), with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were calculated and pooled using a random-effects model.ResultsA total of 48 different studies, with a total sample size of 1,687,424 participants, were eligible to be included in this meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, no significant association was observed between DII and risk of T2D (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.15), with significant evidence for heterogeneity (I 2  = 96.5%, P < 0.001); however, higher DII was identified as being significantly related to increased risk of T2D in high quality studies (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.17). In the stratified analysis by the dietary assessment tool, background disease, and sex of participants, DII showed no significant association with T2D.ConclusionsHigher DII might be associated with an increased risk of T2D. Additional well-designed studies are required to confirm this finding.Copyright © 2022 Amir Motamedi et al.

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