• Nader Molavi, Morad Rasouli-Azad, Hamed Mirzaei, Amir Hassan Matini, Hamid Reza Banafshe, Marjan Valiollahzadeh, Majid Hassanzadeh, Ahmad Reza Saghazade, Samira Abbaszadeh-Mashkani, Peyman Mamsharifi, and Amir Ghaderi.
• Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2022 Jan 1; 2022: 1206914.

IntroductionPatients under methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs) are susceptible to numerous complications (e.g., mental and metabolic disorders). This study evaluated the effects of probiotics on clinical symptoms, biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, and serum lipid content in patients receiving MMTPs.Materials And MethodsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 70 patients receiving MMTPs to receive either 1.8 × 109 CFU/day probiotics (n = 35) or placebo (n = 35) for 12 weeks. Clinical symptoms and metabolic profiles were measured before and after the intervention in patients receiving MMTPs.ResultsCompared with the placebo group, probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant improvement in the severity of depression (P < 0.05). In addition, probiotic administration significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, probiotics resulted in a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and a significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total glutathione (GSH) levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionTreatment with probiotics for 12 weeks to patients receiving MMTPs had beneficial effects on symptoms of depression, as well as several metabolic profiles. Clinical Trial Registration: this study was registered in the Iranian website (https://www.irct.ir) for clinical trials registration (https://fa.irct.ir/trial/46363/IRCT20170420033551N9). The registration date is March 22, 2020.Copyright © 2022 Nader Molavi et al.

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