• Magdalena Osowicka, Piotr Janowiak, Agnieszka Gorzewska, and Monika Lichodziejewska-Niemierko.
• Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jun 24; 101 (25): e28921.

AbstractDespite the many new possibilities, cancer pain treatment is not always effective and often poses a challenge for practitioners. At the end-of-life care, both oral and subcutaneous drug delivery very often are not attainable. The increasing number of patients in terminal stage of chronic diseases forced us to look for the alternative ways of administration of pain treatment. In this context, the potentially rapid onset of action and ease of use make aerosolized drug delivery an attractive option in palliative care settings. The objective of this review was to identify literature on pain relief with inhaled opioids. The evidence suggests that nebulized opioids might be effective in the treatment of pain in various aetiologies; however, randomized controlled studies on nebulization therapy for cancer pain are lacking.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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