• Aleksandra M Kocot and Barbara Wróblewska.
• Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: a.kocot@pan.olsztyn.pl.
• Nutrition. 2022 Nov 1; 103-104: 111686.

ObjectivesCurrently, the plague of chronic diseases, such as overweight, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, is associated with chronic inflammation as an effect of homeostasis disbalance. One of the processes involved in homeostasis maintenance is autophagy, which is also referred to as self-eating or cellular recycling. Due to the correlation between the epidemic scale of chronic diseases and autophagy impairment, strategies for autophagy activation are urgently needed.MethodsIn this review, we comprehensively summarized the current data on autophagy types, dysfunction, associated diseases, and ways of activation available in scientific databases and published up until 2022.ResultsOur review indicates that impaired autophagy is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, overweight, obesity, type I diabetes, diseases of the cardiovascular system, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and anxiety. We highlight nutritional behavior as one of the factors behind autophagy induction and homeostasis restoration.ConclusionsAutophagy is involved in different dysfunctions and diseases; thus, activation strategies are urgently needed. A high potential in the prevention and therapies of chronic diseases by means of autophagy induction can be expected from nutritional behaviors. To date, most studies were carried out in vitro or in a murine model. Thus, further, well-designed, clinical trials are needed to provide the missing understanding of the nutritional potential to regulate specific signaling pathways that keep autophagy running smoothly.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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