• Nur Amalina Che Bakri, Richard M Kwasnicki, Naairah Khan, Omar Ghandour, Alice Lee, Yasmin Grant, Aleksander Dawidziuk, Ara Darzi, Hutan Ashrafian, and Daniel R Leff.
• Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• Ann. Surg. 2023 Apr 1; 277 (4): 572580572-580.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) on upper limb (UL) morbidity in breast cancer patients.BackgroundAxillary de-escalation is motivated by a desire to reduce harm of ALND. Understanding the impact of axillary surgery and disparities in operative procedures on postoperative arm morbidity would better direct resources to the point of need and cement the need for de-escalation strategies.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsychINFO were searched from 1990 until March 2020. Included studies were randomized-controlled and observational studies focusing on UL morbidities, in breast surgery patients. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The prevalence of UL morbidity comparing SLNB and ALND at <12 months, 12 to 24 months, and beyond 24 months were analyzed.ResultsSixty-seven studies were included. All studies reported a higher rate of lymphedema and pain after ALND compared with SLNB. The difference in lymphedema and pain prevalence between SLNB and ALND was 13.7% (95% confidence interval: 10.5-16.8, P <0.005) and 24.2% (95% confidence interval: 12.1-36.3, P <0.005), respectively. Pooled estimates for prevalence of reduced strength and range of motion after SLNB and ALND were 15.2% versus 30.9% and 17.1% versus 29.8%, respectively. Type of axillary surgery, greater body mass index, and radiotherapy were some of the predictors for UL morbidities.ConclusionsPrevalence of lymphedema after ALND was higher than previously estimated. ALND patients experienced greater rates of lymphedema, pain, reduced strength, and range of motion compared with SLNB. The findings support the continued drive to de-escalate axillary surgery.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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