• Xiaoli Liu, Huikun Zhang, Yawen Zhao, and Yongjie Ma.
• Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.
• Neuroscience. 2022 Sep 15; 500: 95-105.

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor with poor survival rate and without effective treatment strategy. However, the influence of Girdin on human glioblastoma and the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be uncovered. We mainly investigated the role of Girdin in glioblastoma cells apoptosis. First, we examined Girdin expression in 90 glioma patients by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed its association with patients' prognosis. The results showed that the expression of Girdin was positively associated with the histological grade of glioma, and glioma patients with high Girdin expression had a poor prognosis. Next, proliferation assay, Colony formation assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) results showed that knockdown of Girdin suppressed proliferation and reduced cell survival rate. Flow cytometry and DAPI staining results showed that knockdown of Girdin induced apoptosis in LN229 cells. Western blot results suggested that reduction of Gridin increased the level of Cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and Bad while decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and p-AKT. Moreover, subcutaneous mouse xenograft model was used to validate the role of Girdin in glioblastoma apoptosis. Consistently, in vivo assays showed that knockdown of Girdin inhibited the growth of the grafted tumor and increased the level of Cyt-C and Bad. These findings demonstrated that knockdown of Girdin may induce Bad expression and reduce Bcl-2 expression by inhibiting the activation of AKT, leading to the release of Cyt-C from mitochondria, thereby promoting glioblastoma cells apoptosis.Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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