• Hengfei Sun, Shu Wang, Jianxin Chen, and Hongbo Yu.
• School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
• Neuroscience. 2022 Oct 15; 502: 10-24.

AbstractSecond harmonic generation (SHG) imaging is label-free and non-invasive, and it has been extensively applied in multiple biological and medical studies, but not in the brain in vivo. In this study, we modified classical two photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) system to perform in vivo simultaneous TPEF and SHG imaging in the local ischemia mouse model. In cerebral vascular walls, we found strong SHG signal, which co-localized with collagen. In the continuous 2 days' in vivo imaging, this SHG signal remained stable in the local ischemic blood vessel in the initial 4 h, then its signal abruptly increased and got spatially thickened 5 h after thrombosis, and this tendency continued in the following 48 h. This study provides direct and precise timeline of rapid collagen change in cerebral vascular walls in vivo, and reveals the subtle but significant temporal-spatial dynamics of this structural signal during local ischemia. Thus, this cerebral in vivo SHG imaging provides a powerful tool to identify the early and subtle pathological change of collagen around clinical key therapeutic time window.Copyright © 2022 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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