• Emmanuel K Abu, Amanfo O Ofori, Samuel B Boadi-Kusi, Stephen Ocansey, Richard K Yankah, Samuel Kyei, and Asante Y Awuku.
• Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
• Afr Health Sci. 2022 Mar 1; 22 (1): 293-302.

ObjectiveTo evaluate dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction among type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Parameters assessed included meibum expressibility and quality, Schirmer test 1, tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, blink rates and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores. Dry eye was diagnosed based on a combination of subjective symptoms, tear function and ocular surface staining.ResultsPrevalence of DED and MGD were 72.3% and 55.3% respectively. Symptomatic dry eye (OSDI scores) was significantly associated with duration of diabetes (rs = 0.11, P = 0.028) and the presence of conjunctival disorders (OR = 2.09, P = 0.002). MGD was a risk factor for DED (OR = 1.99, P = 0.008); ocular surface damage, the presence of eye lid lesions, abnormal Schirmer test and reduced TBUT were significantly associated with MGD, the strongest predictor being ocular surface damage (OR = 3.21, P = 0.001). OSDI scores had no association with the presence of corneal lesions possibly due to reduced corneal sensitivity.ConclusionDED and MGD were prevalent among the patients and therefore there is the need for dry eye assessment as a routine clinical management protocol for patients with type 2 diabetes.© 2022 Abu EK et al.

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