• Barbara Castelnuovo, Moses Kamya, Rosalind Parkes Ratanshi, Agnes N Kiragga, and Damalie Nakanjako.
• Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Science, Makerere University.
• Afr Health Sci. 2022 Aug 1; 22 (Spec Issue): 11-21.

IntroductionObservational studies provide important evidence supporting the feasibility and effectiveness of health interventions. The 20-year-old Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) established to respond to infectious diseases, specifically HIV/AIDS, invested in the set-up of longitudinal cohorts. In this paper we discuss the results of these cohorts and their impact on the response to the HIV pandemic in Uganda.MethodsIDI invested in experienced system developers, clinic and laboratory capacity to create the infrastructure to host longitudinal cohorts. Several cohorts were created, including patients initiated and followed up on ART, specialized cohorts (e.g. TB co-infection) and long-term cohorts with patients on ART for over 10 years and aged 60 and above. These cohorts function as platforms for sub-studies, attracting collaborators and students.ResultsData from the IDI cohorts contributed evidence to ART programs on when to start, which drugs to use, how to best monitor and which models of care to implement. Sub-studies contributed to management of opportunistic infections, understanding immunological response and the emerging complications of non-communicable diseases.ConclusionCohorts provide a platform for clinical care, training, and research to inform strategic responses and put Makerere University at the center of the response to the HIV pandemic in the region.© 2022 Castelnuovo B et al.

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