• Shreya Rao, Utibe R Essien, Tiffany M Powell-Wiley, Bhumika Maddineni, Sandeep R Das, Ethan A Halm, Ambarish Pandey, and Andrew Sumarsono.
• Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
• J Gen Intern Med. 2023 Apr 1; 38 (5): 120712131207-1213.

BackgroundHousing instability is a key social determinant of health and has been linked to adverse short- and long-term health. Eviction reflects a severe form of housing instability and disproportionately affects minority and women residents in the USA; however, its relationship with mortality has not previously been described.ObjectiveTo evaluate the independent association of county-level eviction rates with all-cause mortality in the USA after adjustment for county demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics.DesignCross-sectional.ParticipantsSix hundred eighty-six US counties with available 2016 county-level eviction and mortality data.Exposure2016 US county-level eviction rate.Outcome2016 US county-level age-adjusted all-cause mortality.Key ResultsAmong 686 counties (66.1 million residents, 50.5% [49.7-51.2] women, 2% [0.5-11.1] Black race) with available eviction and mortality data in 2016, we observed a significant and graded relationship between county-level eviction rate and all-cause mortality. Counties in the highest eviction tertile demonstrated a greater proportion of residents of Black race and women and a higher prevalence of poverty and comorbid health conditions. After adjustment for county-level sociodemographic traits and prevalent comorbid health conditions, age-adjusted all-cause mortality was highest among counties in the highest eviction tertile (Tertile 3 vs 1 (per 100,000 people) 33.57: 95% CI: 10.5-56.6 p=.004). Consistent results were observed in continuous analysis of eviction, with all-cause mortality increasing by 9.32 deaths per 100,000 people (4.77, 13.89, p<.0001) for every 1% increase in eviction rates. Significant interaction in the relationship between eviction and all-cause mortality was observed by the proportion of Black and women residents.ConclusionsIn this cross-sectional analysis, county-level eviction rates were significantly associated with all-cause mortality with the strongest effects observed among counties with the highest proportion of Black and women residents. State and federal protections from evictions may help to reduce the health consequences of housing instability and address disparities in health outcomes.© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society of General Internal Medicine.

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