• Jingjing Luo, Xinan Wu, Xue Gang, Nana Zhang, Feifei Wang, and Chengting Rong.
• Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, An'hui, Hefei, P.R. China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Nov 11; 101 (45): e31202e31202.

RationaleArtificial joint infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum is rare and has not been reported.Patients ConcernsA 59-year-old man underwent left total knee arthroplasty for 1 year of pain in the left knee joint. The indwelling urinary catheter was removed after 48 hour of the surgery. On day 8 after the surgery, the patient had fever, increased skin temperature, swelling and redness around the surgical site, and floating patella test (+). According to experience, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Linezolid were administrated. Evident decrease in C-reactive protein was observed after Linezolid administration, while there was no significant improvement in clinical symptoms. Microbiome sequencing was performed, resulting in diagnosis of positive M hominis and U urealyticum. The patient was then treated with Doxycycline in the following 3 months. During the 11-month outpatient follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of infection.DiagnosisMicrobiome sequencing was performed, resulting in diagnosis of positive M hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.InterventionsThe patient recovered following with Doxycycline in the following 3 months.OutcomesDuring the 11-month outpatient follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of infection.LessonsM hominis and U urealyticum are common pathogens of the urinary system infections but they are rare in osteoarticular infections. In cases of fever, swelling and heat pain around the surgical site, joint fluid, negative blood culture and being irresponsive to anti-bacterial agents against the cell wall, special bacteria-related infection should be highly suspected.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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