• Simei Chen, Xin Sui, Bingxin Zhao, Zongjie Liu, Xinpeng Dai, and Yang Ding.
• Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Thrid Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang Hebei Province, PR China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Nov 18; 101 (46): e31362e31362.

IntroductionSecondary parathyroid hyperplasia canceration is very rare and thus easily be overlooked during parathyroid ultrasound examination. However, secondary parathyroid hyperplasia still has the possibility of canceration, and it is still important to be alert to its occurrence when performing ultrasound examinations and clinical treatment.Patient ConcernsA 49-years-old man visited our outpatient department with generalized weakness and pain in both lower extremities a month ago.DiagnosisHyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure.InterventionsThe patient underwent ultrasound and other preoperative examinations. The preoperative ultrasound showed 3 parathyroid enlargements, 2 on the left and 1 on the right. The patient then underwent surgical treatment.OutcomesUltrasonography suggested the presence of 3 parathyroid hyperplasias, and ectopic right inferior parathyroid gland was visible during intraoperative examination. 10 days after surgery, the patient's Parathyroid Hormone returned to the normal range.ConclusionSecondary parathyroid hyperplasia has the potential to become cancerous, so doctors should be alert to its occurrence when conducting ultrasound examinations. Ultrasound examination is the key to its diagnosis and subsequent treatment.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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