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- Hyuk Jae Jung and Ki Seok Choo.
- Endovascular and Vascular and Transplantation Division, Department of Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
- Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Nov 18; 101 (46): e31792e31792.
BackgroundFour-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to objectively assess changes in blood flow velocity in patients with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) who underwent stocking treatment alone and stocking combined with Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) treatment.MethodsPatients diagnosed with CVI were recruited from August 31, 2018 to December 31, 2020. A total of 23 participants were selected, with 10 and 13 patients in the stocking treatment and stocking + GSPE treatment groups, respectively. The blood flow velocity (Th-plane peak and average velocities) was calculated using 4D flow MRI. A paired t test was used to evaluate the differences in blood flow velocity before and after treatment.ResultsIn the stocking treatment group, The Th-Plane peak velocity increased by 2.48 ± 5.05 cm/s after treatment (P = .16). In the stocking + GSPE treatment group, the Th-Plane peak velocity increased by 4.85 ± 5.57 cm/s after treatment (P < .001).ConclusionThe blood flow velocity on 4D flow MRI was significantly increased in participants who underwent GSPE, highlighting the potential of GSPE for CVI treatment.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
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