• Xue-Mei Lin, Li Wang, and Qiong Wang.
• Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Nov 18; 101 (46): e31617e31617.

RationaleAggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare mesenchymal tumor primarily involving the lower genital tract of reproductive females. It often shares pathologic morphology with other mesenchymal lesions, which result in diagnostic difficulties for pathologists.Patient Concerns And DiagnosesWe described the case of a 32-year-old female presenting with a pelvic mass. Imaging examination showed a "swirling sign" within the mass. The mass was 10.2 × 10 × 7.7 cm, located in the right front of the uterus, with unclear demarcation from the surrounding organs and tissues. The gross appearance was grayish brown with a solid section and a myxedematous cut surface. Microscopically, it was a mesenchymal tumor with a presence of perivascular smooth muscle fibers radiating from the blood vessel and an infiltrative growth pattern. The pelvic AAM was diagnosed based on clinicopathologic and imaging features.Interventions And OutcomesA surgery with local excision of the mass was performed. The patient experienced 1 relapse during 2-year follow-up and underwent the radiation therapy.LessonsWhen the pathological morphology of AAM overlaps with other mesenchymal lesions, the comprehensive understanding of tumor clinicopathological characteristics combined with imaging features is important for the accurate diagnosis of AAM.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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