• Shasha Qi, Feiqing Wang, Yang Liu, Jiangyuan Zhao, Yan Wang, Songsong Huang, Wenxiu Yang, Yanling Li, Yong Shen, Chike Zhang, Jianing Zhao, Xu Yang, Rui Gao, Ying Chen, Peng Zhao, Fengqi Zhang, Yi Huang, Mei Zhao, Ping Wang, Yan Zhang, Hanbo Dou, Jishi Wang, and Yanju Li.
• Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Nov 18; 101 (46): e31874e31874.

IntroductionPhiladelphia chromosome (Ph) positive myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a very rare disease. At present, the specific role of Ph in MDS is not clear, but such patients seem to have a poor prognosis, so the disease deserves attention. Here, we describe the history of a woman with Ph-positive MDS and perform a systematic review of related literature.Patient Concerns And DiagnosisWe report a 38-year-old woman with Ph-positive MDS.Interventions And OutcomesShe received chemotherapy with decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (DCAG) combined with imatinib mesylate and achieved a bone marrow remission. She then underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The condition is good and no recurrence of the disease has been observed.ConclusionPh-positive MDS is a very rare disease. Ph may aid in the malignant progression of MDS leaving such patients with a very poor prognosis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has provided these patients with satisfactory outcomes.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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