• Larissa Pagels, Kerstin Lüdtke, and Axel Schäfer.
• Institut für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Deutschland. larissa.pagels@uni-luebeck.de.
• Schmerz. 2024 Jun 1; 38 (3): 198204198-204.

BackgroundWith a prevalence of 7-30%, shoulder disorders form the third largest group of musculoskeletal complaints. Their formation and development is influenced by, e.g. psychological factors. The Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK) is the most common measure for quantifying fear of movement.ObjectivesTo investigate the reliability and validity of the German version of the TSK (TSK-GV) in a shoulder pain population.Materials And MethodsSubjects with shoulder pain were included in a multicenter cross-sectional study. In addition to kinesiophobia, pain intensity, subjective impairment in daily life and fear-avoidance beliefs were recorded.ResultsA total of 49 subjects (24 women and 25 men) with a mean age of 41.8 (SD = 12.8) were included. The descriptive evaluation at item level showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.81). The homogeneity of the scale is poor (Loevinger's H = 0.35). The correlations did not show any clear convergence of the TSK-GV with the fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) (r = 0.3501; p = 0.0137). The divergent validity was confirmed for both the numerical rating scale (NRS) (r = 0.1216; p = 0.4052) and the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) (r = 0.2571; p = 0.0745). The hypothesis testing resulted in 28.57% accepted hypotheses. There was a significant influence of the TSK-GV and the FABQ on the duration of complaints (R2 = 0.3652; p ≤ 0.0001), as well as an explained variance of the duration of complaints on the TSK-GV of R2 = 0.1834 (p = 0.0021). The subgroup analysis showed a significantly higher degree of kinesiophobia in male subjects (t = 3.8084/df = 47; p = 0.0002).ConclusionThe TSK-GV is a reliable measurement tool. The construct validity should be further investigated in future studies. This study shows comparable values to previous studies in other populations. The TSK-GV is to date the only validated German language measure for recording fear of movement in shoulder disorders and shows an acceptable fit for this population.© 2022. The Author(s).

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