• Howard Libman, Eric S Zhou, Eric Heckman, and Gerald W Smetana.
• Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L., E.H., G.W.S.).
• Ann. Intern. Med. 2022 Dec 1; 175 (12): 174617531746-1753.

AbstractInsomnia, which is characterized by persistent sleep difficulties in association with daytime dysfunction, is a common concern in clinical practice. Chronic insomnia disorder is defined as symptoms that occur at least 3 times per week and persist for at least 3 months. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) published recent guidelines on behavioral and psychological treatment as well as pharmacologic therapy for chronic insomnia disorder. Regarding behavioral and psychological approaches, the only intervention strongly recommended was multicomponent cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Regarding pharmacologic treatment, the AASM, based on weak evidence, suggested a limited number of medications that might be useful and others that probably are not. Here, 2 clinicians with expertise in sleep disorders-one a clinical psychologist and the other a physician-debate the management of a patient with chronic insomnia who has been treated with medications. They discuss the role of behavioral and psychological interventions and pharmacologic therapy for chronic insomnia and how the primary care practitioner should approach such a patient.

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