• Lei Xie, Aijun Lu, Xiaoling Wang, Bihong Cheng, Xuemin Zhu, and Huaiqiang Hu.
• School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Dec 16; 101 (50): e32289e32289.

RationaleThis case is a rare manifestation of central nervous system infection of Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2. Due to few studies in China, it provides a pathological basis for further diagnosis and treatment of HSV-2.Patient ConcernsWe describe a patient with HSV-2 virus infection who was diagnosed with HSV-2 encephalitis in a Chinese patient.DiagnosisBased on brain biopsy and pathological findings, the patient was diagnosed with HSV-2 encephalitis.InterventionsHormone and antiviral therapy were given.OutcomeThe patient eventually died.LessonsThe diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease is very difficult. Its differential diagnosis include cerebrovascular disease, bacteria or fungi and other viral infection of the brain.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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