• Lulu Dong, Lulu Wang, Chao Jiang, Shuang Li, Minxia Geng, Jiahao Xing, Yajun Chang, Yingying Tian, Rongfang Feng, and Tianjun Wang.
• Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhang Jiakou, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Dec 9; 101 (49): e32178e32178.

IntroductionPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a reversible syndrome clinically manifested by significant variations in neuroimaging. Early treatment is indispensable to achieve the reversibility, which requires the punctual alleviation of its inducing factors.Patient ConcernsMost symptoms of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) patients can be dispelled followed by a good prognosis after the inducement removal. The patient died due to the untimely diagnosis and treatment of the primary disease. Therefore, sufficient attention should be paid to the PRES induced by ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV).Diagnosis And InterventionsThe patient is a middle-aged male, with acute onset, previous history of hypertension, cholecystectomy, intestinal obstruction, spontaneous renal rupture, etc. For this complaint, the manifestations are mainly blurred vision with convulsion and transient disturbance of consciousness. In 1 day of treatment, these symptoms were relieved, and he was diagnosed as PRES combined with the cranial imaging. The AAV of the patient was confirmed by spleen pathology.OutcomesDespite the relief of most symptoms in 1 day of symptomatic treatment, it is highly likely that the patient eventually died of AAV, it is highly likely that the patient eventually died of AAV which will invade the vascular system due to the failure to treat the primary disease in time.LessonsFor patients diagnosed as PRES, the punctual identification of cause should be performed, so as to diagnose and correct the cause and primary disease as soon as possible, accompanied with the dynamical observation of the relevant indicators for suspected patients to avoid systemic organ failure.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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