• Qiaoli Peng, Xiaoning Liu, Xian Tang, Qiuyue Zhang, Jin Zhao, Chenli Zheng, Fang Zhao, Yang Zhou, Lukun Zhang, Liqin Sun, Haitao Zhang, Xinyun Jia, Ying Song, Tingzhi Cao, Siyuan Wang, Man Rao, Zhiwei Chen, Hui Wang, and Yun He.
• National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China.
• Chin. Med. J. 2022 Nov 20; 135 (22): 273027372730-2737.

BackgroundUnderstanding the characteristics of newly diagnosed primary human deficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in the context of the post-antiretroviral therapy era and HIV drug prophylaxis is essential for achieving the new target of 95-95-95-95 by 2025. This study reported the characteristics of newly diagnosed primary HIV-1 infection in Shenzhen.MethodsThis is a real-world retrospective study. Eighty-seven newly diagnosed primary HIV-1-infected patients were recruited from January 2021 to March 2022 at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen. Demographic, epidemiological, diagnostic, drug resistance, and medical data were described and analyzed.ResultsOverall, 96.6% (84/87) of the newly identified primary HIV-1-infected patients were male, including 88.5% (77/87) men have sex with men (MSM), with a median age of 29.0 years (Q1-Q3: 24.0-34.0 years); of these, 85.1% (74/87) reported high-risk sexual behaviors with casual partners. The rate of condom usage was only 28.7% (25/87). The overall rate of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was 8.0% (7/87, including 4 PrEP and 3 PEP cases) around the potential exposure, although 41.4% of the patients had prior awareness of such interventions. Moreover, only 19.5% (17/87) had previously used PrEP or PEP. Of those, 58.8% (10/17) of the patients obtained drugs from the internet, and only 35.3% (6/17) reported good compliance. A total of 54.0% (47/87) of subjects were diagnosed by the HIV nucleic acid test. Acute retroviral syndrome appeared in 54.0% (47/87) of patients. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) mutation was 33.9% (19/56), including 6 (10.7%) against nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) plus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), 8 (14.3%) against NNRTI, and 5 (8.9%) against protease inhibitor (PI) only.ConclusionsOwing to the low utilization rate and incorrect usage of PrEP and PEP, massive efforts are needed to promote HIV-preventive strategies in the MSM population. The extremely high prevalence of TDR mutation in this population implies the need for future pretreatment drug resistance surveillance.Copyright © 2022 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.

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