• Hanna Kwiendacz, Katarzyna Nabrdalik, Agata M Wijata, Wojciech Bartman, Elżbieta Tabor, Anna Olejarz, Joanna Król, Julia Piaśnik, Jakub Nalepa, Tomasz Stompór, Janusz Gumprecht, and LipGregory Y HGYHLiverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United KingdomDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
• Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
• Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. 2023 Jun 23; 133 (6).

IntroductionVitamin D (VD) has a pleiotropic effect on many health‑related aspects, yet the results of studies regarding vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and both glycemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are conflicting.ObjectiveThe aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of VDD and its associations with CVD and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Patients And MethodsThis was an observational study in T2DM patients recruited at the diabetology clinic in Zabrze, Poland (April-September 2019 and April-September 2020). The presence of CVD was determined based on medical records. Blood biochemical parameters, densitometry, and carotid artery ultrasound examination were performed. Control of diabetes was assessed based on glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. A serum VD level below 20 ng/ml was considered as VDD.ResultsThe prevalence of VDD in 197 patients was 36%. CVD was evident in 27% of the patients with VDD and in 33% of the patients with VD within the normal range (vitamin D sufficiency [VDS]) (P = 0.34). The difference between the groups regarding diabetes control was insignificant (P = 0.05), as for the VDD patients the median value (interquartile range) of HbA1c was 7.5% (6.93%-7.9%), and for VDS patients it was 7.5% (6.56%-7.5%). The VDD patients were more often treated with sodium‑glucose cotransporter‑2 inhibitors (SGLT‑2is) (44% vs 25%; P = 0.01).ConclusionsAbout one‑third of the patients showed VDD. The VDD and VDS groups did not differ in terms of CVD occurrence and the difference in glycemic control was insignificant. The patients with VDD were more often treated with SGLT‑2is, which requires further investigation.

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