• Amin Tavallaii, Keyvan Tayyebi Meybodi, Farideh Nejat, and Zohreh Habibi.
• Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• World Neurosurg. 2023 Jun 1; 174: 748074-80.

ObjectiveIn recent decades, a significant body of research has focused on targeted therapies for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors to enhance the effectiveness of management strategies. However, most of these efforts have been centered in high-income countries, which renders the generalizability of their results to low- and middle-income countries questionable. Therefore, in this review, we systematically investigated the status of research conducted on targeted therapy for CNS tumors in low- and lower-middle-income countries to elucidate the contribution of these countries in advancing neuro-oncology.MethodsA systematic search of 3 databases was performed using a predefined search strategy. After screening the articles based on our inclusion/exclusion criteria, the data were extracted to a predesigned Excel worksheet.ResultsA review of 44 included studies showed that India, Iran, and Lebanon were the only countries with a contribution to this field. All included studies were laboratory or animal experiments, and there were no clinical studies in this field. The most investigated CNS tumor was malignant glioma, and gene-targeted therapy was the most investigated category of targeted therapies in these countries.ConclusionsLow- and lower-middle-income countries comprise more than half of the world population, but they are deprived of targeted therapies against CNS tumors. Although there are basic experiments performed on this subject, they originate in a limited number of these countries. Therefore, targeted therapy is in its preliminary stage in these countries.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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