• World Neurosurg · Jun 2023

    Association of frailty and preoperative hypoalbuminemia with the risk of complications, readmission, and mortality after spine surgery.

    • Gaston Camino-Willhuber, Soji Tani, Lukas Schonnagel, Thomas Caffard, Henryk Haffer, Erika Chiapparelli, Michele Sarin, Jennifer Shue, Ellen M Soffin, William D Zelenty, Gbolabo Sokunbi, Darren R Lebl, Frank P Cammisa, Federico P Girardi, Alexander P Hughes, and Andrew A Sama.
    • Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
    • World Neurosurg. 2023 Jun 1; 174: e152e158e152-e158.

    BackgroundFrailty status and hypoalbuminemia have been associated with higher rates of complications after spine surgery. However, the combination of both conditions has not been fully analyzed. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of frailty and hypoalbuminemia on the risk of complications after spine surgery.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2009 to 2019 was used. Frailty status was calculated using the modified 5-item frailty index (mFI-5). Patients were classified into nonfrail (mFI = 0), pre-frail (mFI = 1), and frail (mFI ≥2) groups and also based on albumin levels into normal (≥3.5 g/dL) and hypoalbuminemia groups (<3.5 g/dL). The latter group was also subclassified into mild and severe hypoalbuminemia groups. Multivariable analysis was used. A Spearman ρ correlation between albuminemia and mFI-5 was also performed.ResultsA total of 69,519 patients (36,705 men [52.8%] and 32,814 women [47.2%]) with a mean age of 61.0 ± 13.2 years were included. Patients were classified as nonfrail (n = 24,897), pre-frail (n = 28,897), and frail groups (n = 15,725). Hypoalbuminemia was significantly higher in the frail group (11.4%) compared with the nonfrail group (4.3%). An inverse correlation was observed between albumin levels and frailty status (ρ = -0.139; P < 0.0001). Frail patients with severe hypoalbuminemia had significantly higher risk of complications (odds ratio [OR], 5.0), reoperation (OR, 3.3), readmission (OR, 3.1), and mortality (OR, 31.8) compared with patients without hypoalbuminemia.ConclusionsThe combination of frailty and hypoalbuminemia significantly increases the risk of complications after spine surgery. The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia in the frailty group was significantly higher than in nonfrail patients (11.4% vs. 4.3%). Both conditions should be evaluated preoperatively.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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