• Toshitaka Sugawara, Salvador Rodriguez Franco, Oskar Franklin, Michael J Kirsch, Kathryn L Colborn, Marco Del Chiaro, and Richard D Schulick.
• From the Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery (Sugawara, Rodriguez Franco, Franklin, Colborn, Del Chairo), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2023 Sep 1; 237 (3): 515524515-524.

BackgroundThe role of curative-intent resection and perioperative chemotherapy for nonmetastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PanNEC) remains unclear due to their biological aggressiveness and rarity. This study aimed to evaluate the association of resection and perioperative chemotherapy with overall survival for nonmetastatic PanNEC.Study DesignPatients with localized (cT1-3, M0), small- and large-cell PanNEC were identified in the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2017. The changing trends in terms of the annual proportions of resection and adjuvant chemotherapy were assessed. The survival of patients who received resection and those who received adjuvant chemotherapy were investigated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models.ResultsIn total, 199 patients with localized small- and large-cell PanNEC were identified; 50.3% of those were resected, and 45.0% of the resected patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Rate of resection and adjuvant treatment has trended upward since 2011. The resected group was younger, was more often treated at academic institutions, had more distal tumors, and had a lower number of small-cell PanNEC. The median overall survival was longer in the resected group compared to the unresected group (29.4 months vs 8.6 months, p < 0.001). Resection was associated with improved survival in a multivariable Cox regression model adjusting for preoperative factors (adjusted hazard ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.92), while adjuvant therapy was not.ConclusionsThis nationwide retrospective study suggests that resection is associated with improved survival in patients with localized PanNEC. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy needs more investigation.Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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