• Igor Łoniewski, Monika Szulińska, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, Konrad Podsiadło, Daniel Styburski, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, and Paweł Bogdański.
• Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
• Nutrition. 2023 Oct 1; 114: 112109112109.

ObjectivesProbiotics are known to regulate host metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess whether interventions with a multi-strain probiotic formula affect fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs).MethodsThe analysis was carried out in 56 obese, postmenopausal women randomized to three groups: probiotic dose 2.5 × 109 CFU/d (n = 18; lower probiotic dose [LPD]), 1 × 1010 CFU/d (n = 18; higher probiotic dose [HPD]), or placebo (n = 20).ResultsAn increase in three SCFA fecal concentrations in the HPD group was observed: acetic acid (C2; effect [E] = 1.72, SE = 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-3.16; P = 0.019), butyric acid (C4; E = 0.98, SE = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.08-1.88; P = 0.033), and valeric acid (C5; E = 0.68, SE = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.23-1.12; P = 0.003). The mediation analysis showed that the decrease in uric acid under HPD may be transmitted through the elevation of C5 content. Multi-strain probiotic increases the SCFA content in the stool in a dose-dependent manner, which may diminish some cardiovascular risk factors because of a reduction in blood uric acid levels.ConclusionAssessing long-term health benefits requires further research, including assessment of blood SCFA concentrations and multiomic and mechanistic approaches.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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