• Tharusan Thevathasan, Julia Paul, Anna L Gaul, Sêhnou Degbeon, Lisa Füreder, Dominic Dischl, Wulf Knie, Georg Girke, Thomas Wurster, Ulf Landmesser, and Carsten Skurk.
• Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V., Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: tharusan.thevathasan@dhzc-charite.de.
• Resuscitation. 2023 Dec 1; 193: 109946109946.

AimUnderstanding the public health burden of cardiac arrest (CA) is important to inform healthcare policies, particularly during healthcare crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyse outcomes of in-hospital mortality and healthcare resource utilisation in adult patients with CA in the United States over the last decade prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe United States (US) National Inpatient Sample was utilised to identify hospitalised adult patients with CA between 2010 and 2019. Logistic and Poisson regression models were used to analyse outcomes by adjusting for 47 confounders.Results248,754 adult patients with CA (without "Do Not Resuscitate"-orders) were included in this study, out of which 57.5% were male. In-hospital mortality was high with 51.2% but improved significantly from 58.3% in 2010 to 46.4% in 2019 (P < 0.001). Particularly, elderly patients, non-white patients and patients requiring complex therapy had a higher mortality rate. Although the average hospital LOS decreased by 11%, hospital expenses have increased by 13% between 2010 and 2019 (each P < 0.001), presumably due to more frequent use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS, e.g. ECMO from 2.6% to 8.7% or Impella® micro-axial flow pump from 1.8% to 14.2%). Strong disparities existed among patient age groups and ethnicities across the US. Of note, the number of young adults with CA and opioid-induced CA has almost doubled within the study period.ConclusionOver the last ten years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, CA-related survival has incrementally improved with shorter hospitalisations and increased medical expenses, while strong disparities existed among different age groups and ethnicities. National standards for CA surveillance should be considered to identify trends and differences in CA treatment to allow for standardised medical care.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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