• Xiuhua Mao and Wenjuan Zhao.
• Xiuhua Mao School of Health, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan 523186, Guangdong, China.
• Pak J Med Sci. 2023 Sep 1; 39 (5): 135013541350-1354.

ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of Montelukast combined with sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in the treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) complicated with allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsThis is a prospective study. A total of 102 children with OSAHS complicated with allergic rhinitis admitted to Hunan Children's Hospital from April 2020 to April 2021 were selected and randomly divided into two groups: sublingual group and two-drug combination group. Children in the sublingual group were treated with standardized dust mite drops Nos. 1-4 for SLIT, while those in the two-drug combination group were treated with Montelukast on top of the sublingual group. Statistical analysis and comparison were made between the two groups of children in terms of Sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI), Hypoxic saturation (Lsao2), interleukin-4, Il-4), interleukin-17 (IL-17), OSA-18 Snoring Symptom Scale for Children (OSA-18), allergic rhinitis symptom scale (TNSS), efficacy, occurrence of adverse reactions, etc.ResultsAfter treatment, the AHI index of the two-drug combination group was significantly decreased, and the Lsao2 index was significantly increased compared with the sublingual group (P<0.05). Compared with the sublingual group, the levels of IL-4 and IL-17 in the two-drug combination group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the OSA-18 score and TNSS score were significantly lower (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with the sublingual group, the efficacy of the two-drug combination group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower (P<0.05).ConclusionMontelukast combined with sublingual immunotherapy offers many advantages, such as effectively controlling nasal allergy symptoms in children with OSAHS complicated with allergic rhinitis and improving OSAHS symptoms.Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.

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