• Maíra I Rudolph, Omid Azimaraghi, Elie Salloum, Luca J Wachtendorf, Aiman Suleiman, Tobias Kammerer, Maximilian S Schaefer, Matthias Eikermann, and Michael E Kiyatkin.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: mrudolph@montefiore.org.
• J Clin Anesth. 2023 Dec 1; 91: 111264111264.

ObjectiveWe estimated hospital costs associated with postoperative reintubation and tested the hypothesis that prolonged surveillance in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) modifies the hospital costs of reintubation.DesignRetrospective observational research study.SettingTwo tertiary care academic healthcare networks in the Bronx, New York and Boston, Massachusetts, USA.Patients68,125 adult non-cardiac surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia between 2016 and 2021.InterventionsThe exposure variable was unplanned reintubation within 7 days of surgery.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was direct hospital costs associated with patient care related activities. We used a multivariable generalized linear model based on log-transformed costs data, adjusting for pre- and intraoperative confounders. We matched our data with data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). In the key secondary analysis, we examined if prolonged postoperative surveillance, defined as PACU utilization (≥4 h) modifies the association between reintubation and costs of care.Main Results1759 (2.6%) of patients were re-intubated within 7 days after surgery. Reintubation was associated with higher direct hospital costs (adjusted model estimate 2.05; 95% CI: 2.00-2.10) relative to no reintubation. In the HCUP-NIS matched cohort, the adjusted absolute difference (ADadj) in costs amounted to US$ 18,837 (95% CI: 17,921-19,777). The association was modified by the duration of PACU surveillance (p-for-interaction <0.001). In patients with a shorter PACU length of stay, reintubation occurred later (median of 2 days; IQR 1, 5) versus 1 days (IQR 0, 2; p < .001), and was associated with magnified effects on hospital costs compared to patients who stayed in the PACU longer (ADadj of US$ 23,444, 95% CI: 21,217-25,799 versus ADadj of US$ 17,615, 95% CI: 16,350-18,926; p < .001).ConclusionPostoperative reintubation is associated with 2-fold higher hospital costs. Prolonged surveillance in the recovery room mitigated this effect. The cost-saving effect of longer PACU length of stay was likely driven by earlier reintubation in patients who needed this intervention.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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